Which state indicates that BGP resources are initialized and inbound connections are refused?

The state that indicates BGP resources are initialized and inbound connections are refused is the Idle state. In BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), when a BGP session is in the Idle state, it means that the BGP process has not yet established a connection to a peer. During this state, no connections are made, and any inbound connection requests are refused.

This state serves as the initial stage of the BGP finite state machine, where the router prepares the necessary resources and performs various pre-connection checks before transitioning to the other states. Once conditions are favorable and the router has completed its checks, it can then attempt to establish a peer connection and move to the next state.

The other states mentioned have their purposes: OpenConfirm is when the router is waiting for a response after sending an Open message, Active refers to an attempt to establish a connection, and Established indicates a fully functional BGP session with operational routes being exchanged. Thus, Idle clearly represents the initialization phase where no connections or routings occur.