What happens to the port states when STP is enabled?

When Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is enabled on a network switch, the port states can indeed be Disabled, Blocking, Learning, Listening, or Forwarding. This range of port states allows STP to manage the flow of traffic and prevent loops in the network.

In the Blocking state, a port does not forward frames and only listens for Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) to maintain the topology of the network. When a port is in the Listening state, it continues to learn MAC addresses but does not forward frames. The Learning state allows the port to build its MAC address table by learning from the frames it receives, while still not forwarding any frames. Finally, the Forwarding state is where the port actively sends and receives frames, participating fully in the network.

This mechanism enables STP to dynamically adjust to changes in the network, ensuring a loop-free topology while managing frame forwarding effectively. In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent the functionality and capabilities of STP regarding the state of ports.