What is the primary function of STP?

The primary function of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is to prevent loops in the network caused by redundant paths. In Ethernet networks, redundancy is often necessary for increased reliability; however, multiple active paths between switches can create loops, leading to broadcast storms and ultimately causing network instability.

STP effectively identifies and blocks redundant paths while allowing for a single active path to maintain network connectivity. It uses a process of electing a root bridge and determining the best paths to that bridge, which helps to ensure that only one active path exists between any two points in the network at any given time. This clearing of loops is essential for maintaining a stable and functional network environment.

The other options revolve around different aspects of networking such as routing, bandwidth management, and IP address assignment, which do not pertain to the loop prevention functionality of STP.